Spotlight Series on Cambodians and Cambodian Americans (Secondary)

    Overview

    Spotlight Series on Cambodians and Cambodian Americans

    Photo of Kalyanee Mam

    Authors: Katherine Khiev and Joy Okada
    Grades: 9-10

    Suggested Amount of Time: One to two class periods   
    Area of Study: Cambodian Diaspora

    Compelling Question
    • What is the Cambodian diaspora and refugee experience?

    Lesson Question
    • What inferences can be made about Cambodian culture from lessons on famous Cambodian and Cambodian Americans? 

    Lesson Objective

    Students will be introduced to then analyze the work of Cambodians and Cambodian Americans throughout history. In doing so, students will analyze the importance of the Cambodian/Cambodian American individuals’ works. Students can further their research about Cambodian culture by making connections with the works of Cambodians and Cambodian Americans to Cambodian history and culture. 

    Lesson Background

    The history and introduction of Cambodia should be covered prior to this lesson so that students can make connections between the specific famous Cambodian and shared Cambodian experiences and history. 

    Image Citation: Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). File:Kalyanee Mam.jpg - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kalyanee_Mam.jpg

    Ethnic Studies Theme:

    This lesson connects to the ethnic studies theme of reclamation and joy from the Asian American Studies Curriculum Framework (Asian American Research Initiative, 2022). Students explore the ways that communities reclaim histories through art, cultural expression, and counternarratives.

    Students will explore how individual Cambodian Americans reclaimed their histories and stories and connect that to Cambodian American identity and power.

    For additional guidance around ethnic studies implementation, refer to the Ethnic Studies Model Curriculum (2022) https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/cr/cf/esmc.asp.

    Historical Thinking Skill

    This lesson will facilitate student proficiency in historical perspectives, one of Seixas’ historical thinking skills (Seixas & Morton, 2013). To demonstrate the use of evidence to write historical fiction that accurately conveys the beliefs, values, and motivations of historical actors. To demonstrate the use of evidence to write historical fiction that accurately conveys the beliefs, values, and motivations of historical actors.

    Different historical actors have diverse perspectives on the events in which they are involved. Exploring these is key to understanding historical events.  Students consider the different historical perspectives of a highlighted Cambodian American.

    Handouts
    Supplies
    • Chromebooks/computers for students to research.

    Optional
    • Poster paper/butcher paper

    • Markers

    1. Cultural Energizer

      1. Have students share someone that they look up to in their life. This can be someone that they know or a public figure. Have them explain why this is someone they look up to.

      2. Allow for students to share to the whole class. 

    2. Tapping Into Prior Knowledge
      1. Teachers should begin class by reviewing the history of Cambodians and Cambodian Americans after the Khmer Rouge times. This can be done as a quick overview of notes from previous lessons or having a whole class discussion where students share what they have learned, while the teacher writes down key events/information/vocabulary on the board where all students have access.
      2. Additionally, teachers can utilize this video source: Ugly History: The Khmer Rouge Murders https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_TYFfkc_1U

     

    1. Cultural Production
      1. Teachers should then guide students to choose from a list of notable Cambodian and Cambodian Americans and their works and contributions to the world. They are to research this particular person to present their findings to the class as a poster. This can be done in small groups of two to three students. Examples of spotlights (there are many more not listed):
      2. Students can use this handout to organize their research. https://ucdavis.app.box.com/s/slu5kbavqn66q1to4l9hv3jhncs9atzo
        1. Arn Chom-Pond
        2. Anthony Veasna So
        3. Bhante Dharmawara
        4. Chath Piersath
        5. Daveth Cheth 
        6. François Chau
        7. Haing S. Ngor
        8. Jolie Chea
        9. Kalyanee Mam
        10. Khatharya Um
        11. Loung Ung
        12. Prach Ly 
        13. Sam-Ang Sam
        14. Sokunthary Svay
        15. SreyRam Kuy
        16. Ted Ngoy- The Donut King
        17. Other - student can research another Cambodian American public figure and seek teacher approval for this assignment
      3. Students should research the chosen individual and create a poster. The poster should include:
        1. Name 
        2. What are they known for?
        3. An example of their Work/Contribution/Creation
        4. Goals, mission, or purpose they have
        5. Background information including where they came from, where they immigrated/migrated to/from (what route as refugees they may have taken), and (three to four) major events in their lives that formed their art/work. 
        6. Optional: List of people, places, events that may have affected their work/art.
      4. This can be done as a shared slides presentation as well, where all students can view them for the gallery walk in the following activity.

     

    1. Circular Exchange and Gallery Walk
      1. After posting the posters around the classroom (or compiling all posters into a slides presentation that all students can access), Teacher should guide students to walk around the classroom, to view the gallery of notable Cambodian and Cambodian Americans. Students should be guided to take notes of each spotlight.
      2. A graphic organizer can be used to support students taking notes. This can include: the spotlight name, work/contribution/creation, message to the world, goals and mission, purpose of life, background story, and their reflections of what stood out to them. 

     

    1. Reflection
      1. After the Gallery Walk, students will write or record answers to the following questions, explaining the similarities they saw in the presentations of notable Cambodians. After doing so, students should pair-share their findings with one another, comparing notes and comparing their reflections. As a class, the teacher can facilitate a review of the notable Cambodians and their works/art. 
        1. Which spotlighted person stood out to you and why?
        2. How does an individual’s history affect their work?
        3. How does an individual’s history shape who they are today?
        4. How does your history and past experiences shape who you are today?

    Students will write or record answers to the following questions, explaining the similarities they saw in the presentations of notable Cambodians.

    1. Which spotlighted person stood out to you and why? 
    2. How does an individual’s history affect their work? 
    3. How does an individual’s history shape who they are today?

    Engagement: Consider the following method to support with lesson engagement:

    • Provide feedback that emphasizes effort, improvement, and achieving a standard rather than on relative performance

     

    Representation: Consider the following method to support with multiple means of representation:

    • Pre-teach vocabulary and symbols, especially in ways that promote connection to the learners’ experience and prior knowledge
      • Key information can be color-coded for easy access to all students, including vocabulary words, certain Cambodian cultural aspects such as creed, government, etc. Students should have access to key information as handouts or visible to all students on the board.

     

    Action and Expression: Consider the following method to support in presenting their learning in multiple ways:

    • Use of assessment checklists, scoring rubrics, and multiple examples of annotated student work/performance examples
    • Embed prompts to stop and think before acting as well as adequate space
      • Students are provided independent thinking time before group discussion. This should help students who need more time to think about free response questions. 
      • Also, if there is another student who speaks the same language as the ELL students, pair them up so they can help them out. 

     

    For additional ideas to support your students, check out the UDL Guidelines at CAST (2018) http://udlguidelines.cast.org.

    Emerging: Consider the following method to support with emerging students:

    • Writing: Provide sentence frames with word and picture banks 
      • In response to a prompt, the teacher offers a sentence frame orally and/or in writing to support expression of student thinking. Frames are adjusted based upon specific grammatical structure, key vocabulary, content learning, and language proficiency level descriptors, etc. Frames are a temporary scaffold that require modification. 
      • Teachers can provide a word wall and sentence frames to support English Language Learner students when writing down their responses and ideas. 

     

    Expanding: Consider the following method to support with expanding students:

    • Writing: Teach and utilize the writing process
      • Teacher works collaboratively with students to scaffold writing before they write independently. Teacher uses students’ understanding of narrative stages, specific vocabulary, and grammatical structures while questioning for precision. 

     

    Bridging: Consider the following method to support with bridging students:

    • Writing: Require academic writing and the use of target academic vocabulary 
      • Apply domain­-specific vocabulary and general academic vocabulary in open sentence frames to perform functions, like describing or explaining, that target specific grammatical structures

     

    For additional guidance around scaffolding for multilingual learners, please consult the following resources:

    When teaching about specific people of communities, we find that the elites are chosen to represent the entire community. This lesson can be stretched further to guide students to think critically about who gets to represent the Cambodian community, to think deeply about how, why, and whose interest highlighting these members of the community serve. Students could create a short video explaining their thoughts.

    Asian American Initiative. 2022. Asian American Studies K-12 Frameworkhttps://asianamericanresearchinitiative.org/asian-american-studies-curriculum-framework/ 

    Britt, K. 2020c, May 11. English learner toolkit of strategies. California County Superintendents. https://cacountysupts.org/english-learner-toolkit-of-strategies/

    California Department of Education. 2022. Ethnic studies model curriculumhttps://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/cr/cf/esmc.asp 

    California Department of Education & English Learner Support Division. 2012. California English Language Development standards (Electronic Edition) kindergarten through grade 12 (F. Ong & J. McLean, Eds.). California Department of Education. https://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/el/er/documents/eldstndspublication14.pdf

    California Educators Together. (n.d.). ELA / ELD framework. https://www.caeducatorstogether.org/resources/6537/ela-eld-framework

    CAST. 2018 The UDL guidelines. http://udlguidelines.cast.org

    Home | The Asian American Education Project. (n.d.-b). https://asianamericanedu.org/

    Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement. Search. (n.d.-b). https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/do/search/?q=cambodian&start=0&context=6526868&facet=

    Overview of Culturally Responsive Practices : The Culture Tree. (n.d.). https://sitesed.cde.state.co.us/mod/book/view.php?id=8030&chapterid=8125

    San Diego County Office of Education. (n.d.). Providing appropriate scaffoldinghttps://www.sdcoe.net/educators/multilingual-education-and-global-achievement/oracy-toolkit/providing-appropriate-scaffolding#scaffolding

    Sexias, P. & Morton, T. 2013. The big six: Historical thinking concepts. Nelson Education.

    Tulare County Office of Education. (n.d.). Strategies for ELD. https://commoncore.tcoe.org/Content/Public/doc/Alpha-CollectionofELDStrategies.pdf 

    Model Curriculum

    Standard(s)

    Grade(s)