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Native American Studies, Cambodian American Studies, Hmong History and Cultural Studies, and Vietnamese American Experiences Model Curricula for K-12 Schools
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Area of Study 3: Vietnamese Departures and Transit

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Area of Study 3: Vietnamese Departures and Transit

A poster sketch in green tint, where people are shaking handing and rowing boat

Vietnamese Departures and Transit: 1975–1994

The fall of Sài Gòn in April 1975 marked the official end of the Vietnam War, but also the beginning of one of the largest and longest mass migrations of asylum seekers in modern history. The resettlement of Vietnamese refugees in the United States constitutes the largest refugee resettlement effort in US history and shaped refugee policies in the nation for years to come. This narrative provides an overview of the immediate events leading up to the fall of Sài Gòn, and of the mass exodus of the Vietnamese who fled Vietnam to the United States between 1975 and 1994.

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23 Mar 1975, Phu Bon, South Vietnam --- Phu Bon, South Vietnam: Refugees from the Central Highlands run for rescue helicopters to evacuate them to safety. The Communist gunners shot up the convoy of tears heading towards costal havens to the east, splitting it into segments. --- Image by © Bettmann/CORBIS

The Fall of Sài Gòn

Painting sail boat

Overview of First Wave of Vietnamese Refugees

Photograph of a woman and children outside a tent.

Visualizing: Vietnamese Refugee Camps

Oceanside, Calif.: Part of the first group of South Vietnamese refugees to arrive at Camp Pendleton, a sprawling Marine Corps Training Base in Southern California, get used to their surroundings in a quonset hut shortly after their arrival in the United States. As they arrived in several planeloads, word came from Saigon, capitol city of South Vietnam, that it had fallen to North Vietnamese forces.

Camp Pendleton and Early Communities (1975-1980)

Family in their cubicle. 1987

Vietnamese Refugee Experiences: Resilience and Challenges

Philippine refugee processing center bus

Life in Refugee Camps - Resettlement Obstacles and Resilience

A boat crowded with Vietnamese men, women and children in heavy seas; ahead of it and travelling in the same direction is another boat with a small number of people standing on the deck.

Overview of Second Wave Refugees "Boat People"

A detail of Tiffany Chung’s “The Vietnam Exodus History Learning Project: the exodus, the camps and the half-lived lives,” 2017, at the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, D.C. CreditJustin T. Gellerson for The New York Times

Exploring the Vietnamese Exodus

"Still Lives," an exhibit of 70 paintings and drawings by 18 Vietnamese, explores the trials and slim joys of daily life in Hong Kong's detention camps, where boat people await word whether they will be given asylum or be forcibly returned to Vietnam. The show came together thanks largely to the efforts of Veronique Saunier, a French public relations consultant who spends time as a volunteer working in the refugee camps. The result is a hauntingly eloquent vision of life in the camps. A scene of people lini

Challenges and Hardships of Escaping by Boat

Title supplied by artist: Refugee camps Refugees and Immigrants Vietnamese

"The Boat" by Nam Le and Matt Huynh

A political re-education class for Generals and senior military officers of the former South Vietnamese Army, a North Vietnamese Communist officer gives them political indoctrination classes as they sit quietly like schoolchildren. Second from left is one time Defense Minister, General Nguyễn Hữu Có. Có was imprisoned for 12 years, decided not to emigrate after being released and lived in Vietnam until his death in 2012.

Life-long impact of "Re-education" Camp for Prisoners

The "boat people" of Vietnam risked everything to escape Communist control

Separation and Vietnamese Refugees

 Model Curriculum Lessons Model Curriculum Lessons 100% 10 E34  Vietnam Archive Map Collection (The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas)      	 Vietnam Archive Map Collection (The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas) Turn on screen reader support   To enable screen reader support, press Ctrl+Alt+Z To learn about keyboard shortcuts, press Ctrl+slash  Karamjeet Singh Gulati has left the document. Invalid: This cell's contents violate its validation rule

"Re-education" Camps

4/2/1975 The East side of Hangar 110, Oakland International Airport as Members of the press and others meeting the first “un-official” flight of Vietnamese orphans. The bus seen in the picture was one of several that transported the arriving orphans to the Armory at the San Francisco Presidio.

Vietnamese Amerasian Experiences

Refugees from Vietnam arriving at Camp Pendleton by plane.

Connecting Our Experiences to Vietnamese Refugees

Vietnamese immigrants gather at Houston City Hall with signs for the ceremony of the sixth anniversary of the fall of South Vietnam, 1981.

Vietnamese Refugee Laws

Refugees from Vietnam arriving at Camp Pendleton by plane.

Community Placemaking and Racial Conflict on the Texas Gulf Coast

Stressed out Vietnamese falling mentally ill in the millions

Mental Health in Vietnamese American Resettlement

Oral history of Hung Viet Nguyễn, born on Christmas Day in 1957 n Saigon, Vietnam. He discussed his memories of growing up and attending school in Saigon. He escaped Vietnam by boat in 1981 by himself and passed through a few refugee camps in the Philippines before being sponsored by his brother to Santa Clara, California. He settled down in Torrance, California with a wife and two sons. While he works as a Graphics artist, he is also an artist who has exhibited his work in both mainstream and Vietnamese Am

Vietnamese Refugee Oral History Project

Mr. Huynh, voiced by Baoan Coleman, holds his baby daughter, Mai.

Tracing the "Phamily" History

 Model Curriculum Lessons Model Curriculum Lessons 100% 10 E42  This watercolor illustrates how refugees are a stateless people caught “neither here nor there.” Nguyễn, like many others, waited for the day when she would settle in a new country. Through light and shadow, the subdued color choices, and the imposing clock hovering over the two figures in tight quarters, the painting calls attention to a difficult life in waiting.      	 This watercolor illustrates how refugees are a stateless people caught “n

Intergenerational Trauma and Healing

Jubilant communist troops make their way to the center of Saigon as the city fell under their control, April 30, 1975

Living Under Communist Regime

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Note: The guidance herein is not binding on local educational agencies or other entities. Except for the statutes, regulations, and court decisions cited, the content is exemplary, and compliance with it is not mandatory. (See California Education Code sections 33540.2, 33540.4, 33540.6 and 51226.9) 

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