About
The Vietnamese American Experiences Model Curriculum (VAEMC) is a set of open-source lesson plans, primary source documents, planning resources, teaching strategies, and professional development activities designed to enhance existing courses or support educators in course development. Curriculum development was driven by community voices as per Assembly Bill 167 and Senate Bill 369. External organizations and local education agencies that serve the communities of interest hosted multiple opportunities for engagement. During listening sessions, participants explain what content they would like to see in model curricula. Engagement session feedback informs the choice of topics for the curriculum projects. Collaborators included researchers, writers, and community members, many of whom have Vietnamese ancestry.
OCDE Team
The Orange County Department of Education Model Curriculum Team: Marika Manos, Matt O'Donnell, Joshua Brown, Tori Phu, Ger Thao, and Robin Silver. OCDE partnered with experts from K-12 educators, higher education professionals, scholars, and members from the Cambodian, Hmong, and Vietnamese communities to research, write, and review the curriculum.
Meet the OCDE Team
Orange County Department of Education
- Marika Manos, History/ Social Science/ Civics Coordinator, OCDE
Marika Manos is the History/ Social Science/ Civics Coordinator for the Orange County Department of Education. In her current work, she facilitates educator professional learning about Culturally Sustaining Pedagogies, civic projects, civil discourse, community building, National History Day, History/Social Science content, disciplinary thinking, curriculum development, and more. Her experience includes 12 years as a secondary History/Social Science teacher and six years as a methods instructor. Between 2013 and 2019, she was the K-12 History/Social Science Curriculum Leader for Long Beach Unified School District. She has a doctorate in Education from the University of Southern California with an emphasis on curriculum. Her current research interests include Ethnic Studies, Transformative Social Emotional Learning, and Culturally Sustaining Pedagogies. - Tori Phù, Program Specialist, OCDE
Tori Phu is a Program Specialist for the Model Curricula Projects with Orange County Department of Education (OCDE). She has a Masters of Arts in Teaching with a single subject credential in English Language Arts, Vietnamese, ELD, along with a History/Social Science and Ethnic Studies qualification. She taught in secondary education for four years prior. - Ger Thao, Program Specialist, OCDE
Ger Thao, Ph.D. is a Program Specialist, Model Curriculum at the Orange County Department of Education, spearheading the Hmong History and Cultural Studies Model Curriculum. She is a bilingual educator, author, and educational consultant with ten plus years of classroom experience. Dr. Thao has a background in multilingual multicultural/social justice education and culturally responsive-sustaining pedagogy developing curriculum and professional developments that reflect diverse populations, with a focus on Southeast Asian communities. - Matt O'Donnell, Program Specialist, OCDE
Matt O’Donnell is a Program Specialist for the Model Curriculum Project at the Orange County Department of Education where he supports the development of the statewide Southeast Asia model curriculum projects. Prior to joining OCDE he was a curriculum specialist for the Sonoma County Office of Education, school administrator and secondary history social science teacher in Marin and Sonoma Counties and in Norcross, Georgia. - Joshua Brown, Project Manager, OCDE
Joshua Brown is the Project Manager on the Model Curriculum Project for the Orange County Department of Education. His current work involves developing curricula and organizing conferences and outreach initiatives across the state of California. Dr. Brown is an ethnomusicologist with over nine years of experience working as a faculty member at institutions of higher education across the Inland Empire, Orange County, and in Granada, Spain.
Community Partners
Our Leadership Team comprised of County Offices of Education and community organizations. They are a crucial partner and operate as an advisory panel regarding all aspects of curriculum writing and community engagement.
Meet the Community Partners
Sonoma County Office of Education
- The mission of the Sonoma County Office of Education (SCOE) is to foster student success through service to students, schools, and the community. SCOE is a partner to the county's 40 districts, providing services and oversight that help them serve roughly 66,500 students.
Bao Nguyễn
- Bao Nguyễn, Former Mayor of Garden Grove
Bao Nguyễn, the former mayor of Garden Grove, California, is known for his dedication to community engagement and social justice initiatives. He made history as the first Vietnamese American mayor of the city, advocating for immigrant rights and affordable housing during his tenure. Nguyễn's leadership style is marked by inclusivity and grassroots activism, reflecting his commitment to serving diverse populations.
Vietnamese Heritage Museum
- The Vietnamese Heritage Museum (VHM) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to the preservation and exhibition of our Vietnamese refugees' heritage. VHM collects and shares the testimonies and artifacts that tell the stories of the Vietnamese refugees. We wish to preserve this heritage for present and future generations to reflect upon.
The Asian American Education Project
- The Asian American Education Project creates and provides curriculum and professional development for K-12 schools in order to offer a more comprehensive and accurate look at APIDA history. By showcasing the struggles and triumphs of Asian Americans over the course of two centuries, our lesson plans amplify the importance and voices of this growing, integral segment of the U.S. population in building the country into what it is today and can become tomorrow, together as Americans. It is important for all Americans, young and old, to join in on this learning experience.
Vietnamese American Arts and Letters Association
- The Vietnamese American Arts and Letters Association (VAALA) was founded in 1991 by a group of Vietnamese American journalists, artists, and friends to fill a void and provide a space for artists to express themselves as a newly resettled immigrant community. VAALA's mission is to connect and enrich communities through Vietnamese art and culture. Over the years, VAALA has collaborated with diverse community partners to organize numerous cultural events to connect and enrich communities. These events have included art exhibitions, book signings, music recitals, plays, and annual events such as the Viet Film Fest, Viet Book Fest, and Yellow Submarine Rising, Currents within Asian American Art.
Erika Saito
- L. Erika Saito, Ph.D., Director of Strategic Partnerships in PK-14 Education at University Massachusetts Global
Dr. Saito is a California credentialed teacher with over 20 years of experience in various roles within K-12 public and private schools and teacher preparation programs. Her research and publications center on disaggregated Asian American history, communities, ethnic identity, social and emotional learning, international students, and multilingual learners.
International Children Assistance Network
- ICAN is a (501)(c)(3) non-profit organization founded in 2000 with the goal of engaging families to help children become successful and caring leaders in society. Our programs aim to help provide parents with the confidence and skills to be their own advocates. Founded in 2000 by three Vietnamese refugees, ICAN's mission from the start has always been to raise the next generation of caring, strong leaders.
California History Social Science Project
- The California History-Social Science Project maintains that all of California's students deserve high-quality history-social science, and ethnic studies instruction that equips them to discern fact from fiction and understand how the past matters to the present. We are dedicated to providing the highest quality history instruction, with a special focus on meeting the needs of English learners, native speakers with low literacy, and students from economically disadvantaged communities. Our approach to instruction integrates content, disciplinary understanding, and explicit support for English language proficiency, framed in an inquiry model of historical investigation.
Julie Vo
- Julie Vo, Chief of Staff at OC Action
Julie currently serves as Chief of Staff at OC Action, an AAPI-Latinx-Labor-Environmental Justice Alliance committed to the long-term progressive transformation of Orange County through increased quality, scale and effectiveness of community organizing and integrated voter engagement in low-income communities of color. Previously, she served as Policy Director with the Orange County Asian & Pacific Islander Community Alliance (OCAPICA) and serves as a Board Member of the Vietnamese American Arts & Letters Association (VAALA) and as Advisory Board Member for Orange County Environmental Justice and the California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative. Julie has twenty years of experience in nonprofit development and fundraising, youth development, and community arts.
Union of North American Vietnamese Student Organizations
- The Union of North American Vietnamese Student Associations is a 501(c)(3) non-profit, non-partisan, community-based organization. UNAVSA is dedicated to cultivating the next generation of leaders who will serve as stewards of the Vietnamese community.
SEARAC
- SEARAC is a national civil rights organization that builds power with diverse communities from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam to create a socially just and equitable society. As representatives of the largest refugee community ever resettled in the United States, SEARAC stands together with other refugee communities, communities of color, and social justice movements in pursuit of social equity. .
San Diego County Office of Education
- The San Diego County Office of Education (SDCOE) serves the region's most vulnerable students, and supports school leaders, teachers, and students across the county. We support about 780 schools and nearly 500,000 students, including the children we educate each year through our Juvenile Court and Community Schools. SDCOE provides a variety of services for the 42 school districts, 129 charter schools, and five community college districts in the county.
Los Angeles County Office of Education
- LACOE is the largest regional education agency in the country and provides a range of services and programs to support Los Angeles County's 80 school districts.
Southeast Asia Resource Action Center (SEARAC)
- SEARAC is a national civil rights organization that builds power with diverse communities from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam to create a socially just and equitable society. As representatives of the largest refugee community ever resettled in the United States, SEARAC stands together with other refugee communities, communities of color, and social justice movements in pursuit of social equity.
Nor Cal UVSA
- NorCal UVSA is a youth non-profit, non-partisan, community-based organization dedicated to empowering young minds and fostering leadership skills that will shape a brighter future for all, guided by the values, culture, and community of the Vietnamese and Vietnamese-American youth. Additionally, the organization strives to organize socially and civically as well as empowering the next generation of Vietnamese leaders in Northern California. The vision of NorCal UVSA is to create a community composed of college students and young professionals that represents a unified and respected voice in the broader Vietnamese and Vietnamese-American communities.
Sonoma County Office of Education
- The mission of the Sonoma County Office of Education (SCOE) is to foster student success through service to students, schools, and the community. SCOE is a partner to the county’s 40 districts, providing services and oversight that help them serve roughly 66,500 students.
Vietnamese American Roundtable
- The Vietnamese American Roundtable (VAR) envisions a strong and unified Vietnamese American community that works towards improving our quality of life. To this end, VAR focuses our mission to organize, advocate, and educate our community. We accomplish this through mobilization, advocacy, and education – mobilization through events and coalition building, advocacy through empowering and strategy, and education through panels, workshops and cultural events.
AYPAL: Building API Community Power
- Founded in 1998, AYPAL is a leadership development, community organizing, and coalition building organization that seeks to create healthy, safe, and thriving communities. AYPAL's mission is to empower Oakland's low-income Asian & Pacific Islander immigrant and refugee families to be leaders for school reform and neighborhood change.
San Bernardino County Superintendent of Schools
- The mission of the San Bernardino County Superintendent of Schools (SBCSS) is to transform lives through education. Working in collaboration with school districts, families, community partners and other agencies, SBCSS provides leadership, advocacy and services to ensure equitable, innovative and inspiring educational practices. This endeavor is essential to the quality of life and economic vitality of our communities.
Santa Clara County Office of Education (SCCOE)
- Working collaboratively with school and community partners, the Santa Clara County Office of Education (SCCOE) is a regional service agency that provides instructional, business, and technology services to the 31 school districts of Santa Clara County. The County Office of Education directly serves students through special education programs, alternative schools, Head Start and State Preschool programs, migrant education, and Opportunity Youth Academy. SCCOE is committed to serving, inspiring, and promoting student and public school success.
VietROC
- Viet Rainbow of Orange County (VROC) strives to create a world where everyone has the resources and agency to thrive with dignity. VROC is a grassroots organization based in Orange County, California that builds community and mobilizes intergenerationally. We are grounded in values of equity, healing, joy, and social justice. We primarily work with LGBTQ+ Vietnamese Americans and their loved ones through research, education, and advocacy, while also strengthening collective power alongside other communities working towards liberation.
San Mateo County Office of Education
- The San Mateo County Office of Education (SMCOE) supports local school districts in San Mateo County by providing services that can be done more efficiently and economically at the county level. These include implementing new standards, staff development and training programs, and instructional procedures; designing business and personnel systems; and performing many other services to meet the changing needs of local school districts. The County Office also provides a wide range of instructional programs, including special and career and technical education, and instruction in juvenile detention facilities.
Scholars
Our Research Team is our editorial board comprised of university scholars that reviews the relevance, accuracy, and framing of the content created for the model curriculum. Scholars led talks during the curriculum writing week and support educator acquisition of background knowledge.
Meet the Scholars
- Alex-Thai Dinh Vo, Research Team
Alex-Thai Dinh Vo is a historian of modern Vietnam and East and Southeast Asia, specializing in Cold War politics and the Vietnam Wars. His works examine the social, cultural, political, and economic transformations in Vietnam, including issues such mass violence, social-cultural control, reeducation, diaspora, and war legacies and memories. He leads the Vietnam War Oral History Project and is currently a research scholar at the Vietnam Center & Archive, Texas Tech University. He is the co-editor of the edited volume Toward a Framework for Vietnamese American Studies (2023). He holds a Ph.D. in History from Cornell University. - Cindy Huỳnh-Medrano, Research Team, Writer Team
Dr. Cindy Huỳnh-Medrano’s critical worldview is shaped by growing up in a working class, refugee, mixed immigration status home and more recently, as a birthing person and mother. Dr. Cindy Huỳnh-Medrano is an award-winning educator who is dedicated to Ethnic Studies, young people, and encouraging others to get into Crocs (too). - Cindy Nguyễn, Research Team
Dr. Cindy Nguyễn is assistant professor in the Information Studies department and Digital Humanities program at University of California, Los Angeles. Her book manuscript, "Bibliotactics: The Social Life of Libraries and Colonial Control in Vietnam, 1865–1958" reveals how the library reading room became a space of urban sociability, cultural imperialism, and self-directed education. Her digital humanities work bridges computation, critical data analysis, and histories of the book and information. Nguyễn is also a public scholar and community artist exploring themes of memory, translation, and migration. To learn more about her historical scholarship, teaching, and digital humanities work, see her website https://cindyaNguyễn.com - Diu-Huong Nguyễn, Research Team
Diu-Huong Nguyễn is Assistant Professor of History at the University of California, Irvine. She worked previously at the University of California, Riverside and Haverford College. She earned her Ph.D. and M.A. degrees at the University of Washington with a concentration in the history of modern Viet Nam and has a M.A. degree in Southeast Asian Studies from Ohio University. Her work focuses primarily on the social history of Viet Nam, in particular the voices and experiences of ordinary people during the Viet Nam War. Nguyễn is developing her book manuscript entitled Eve of Destruction: A Social History of Viet Nam's Royal City, 1957-1967, illuminating how war transformed social life in the imperial city of Hue in central Viet Nam. Drawing on a conference she organized in 2019, Nguyễn is also working on an edited volume Voices from the Everyday South: Civilian Lives During the Viet Nam War which offers a wide range of personal narratives by ordinary Vietnamese civilians. She is the primary author of a students' history book series published in Viet Nam and serves as history consultant for television and film projects. Her writing has appeared in the New York Times, BBC, and in various larger published works. - Joseph Nguyễn, Research Team, Writer Team
Lecturer, Department of Asian American Studies, M.A. in Vietnamese and Vietnamese Diaspora Studies at Columbia University - Thúy Võ Đặng, Research Team
Thuy Vo Dang is a professor of Information Studies and oral historian at the University of California, Los Angeles where she also co-directs the UCLA Community Archives Lab. Formerly the Curator for the University of California, Irvine's Southeast Asian Archive and director of Viet Stories: Vietnamese American Oral History Project, Thuy's work centers voices on the margins of history. She is coauthor of A People's Guide to Orange County (University of California Press, 2022) and Vietnamese in Orange County (Arcadia Publishing, 2015) and serves as a board member for Arts Orange County and the Vietnamese American Arts & Letters Association. - Tuan Hoang, Research Team
Tuan Hoang is Blanche E. Seaver Professor of Humanities and Teacher Education, and Associate Professor of Great Books, at Pepperdine University. His research focuses on the history of South Vietnam and the history of Vietnamese refugees in the US. He has published many journal articles and book chapters on both subjects. - Tuong Vu, Research Team
Professor of Political Science and Director of the US-Vietnam Research Center at the University of Oregon. He has published extensively on modern Vietnamese history and politics as well as the politics of revolution, nationalism, communism, and development in East and Southeast Asia. The US-Vietnam Research Center is dedicated to the promotion of research and education on contemporary Vietnam, US-Vietnam relations, and the Vietnamese American community. - Tu-Uyen Nguyễn, Leadership Team, Research Team
Tu-Uyen Nguyễn, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor in the Asian American Studies Department at California State University, Fullerton (CSUF). She received her M.P.H. and Ph.D. degrees in Public Health (Community Health Sciences) with a minor concentration in Medical Anthropology from UCLA. She has been teaching and conducting research in partnership with diverse Asian American and Pacific Islander communities for over twenty eight years in the following areas: ethnic identity, culture, and public health intersections; community-based participatory research (CBPR) in health disparities; cancer education and navigation and asset-based youth wellness and educational empowerment. - Y Thien Nguyễn, Research Team
Y Thien Nguyễn is an Assistant Professor in Asian-Pacific Studies at California State University, Dominguez Hills. His research focuses on Southeast Asia during the Cold War and the history of the Vietnam War and Vietnamese refugee communities. His work examines the ideological, political, and institutional connectivity between the Republic of Vietnam and Vietnamese America. - Yến Lê Espiritu, Research Team
Originally from Việt Nam, Yến Lê Espiritu is Distinguished Professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of California, San Diego. She has served as Department Chair, President of the Association of Asian American Studies, and Vice President of the Pacific Sociological Association. An award-winning author, Espiritu has published extensively on Asian American panethnicity, critical immigration and refugee studies, and U.S. colonialism and wars in Asia. A founding member of the Critical Refugee Studies Collective (CRSC), Espiritu is the lead author of Departures: An Introduction to Critical Refugee Studies (University of California Press, 2022), written collaboratively by CRSC members. - Loan K. Lê, Research Team
Loan K. Le (she/her), PhD, is Director of Research for AA CARES and Assistant Professor of Asian American Studies at San Francisco State University where her work focuses on Asian American Studies, the Vietnamese American experience, government and public policy. Dr. Le is a first-generation refugee and is passionate about social justice, equal protection and democracy. She serves the community in her role as President and CEO of the Institute for Good Government and Inclusion (IGGI, a 501(c)(3) devoted to research and education on controversial issues in American public policy and democratic inclusion). In 2010, Dr. Le received her PhD in Political Science from the UC Berkeley.
Writers
Educators were hired as short-term employees during the spring of 2022/2023 to write lessons. They were admitted based on shared experience, teaching experience in K-12 settings, knowledge of lesson planning, and interest in project.
Meet the Writers
- Ann Ngoc Trần, Writer Team
Ann Ngoc Tran is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Southern California, with research expertise on the American War in Vietnam, Critical Refugee Studies, and Asian American History. - Annie Bich Loan Dương, Writer Team
Dr. Annie Bich Loan Duong came to America at age twenty-two with fourteen years of education in Vietnam and three months of survival English from a refugee camp in Indonesia. She has been in the field of education for more than 30 years working as a bilingual instructional assistant, a community liaison, an ELD, mathematics, and science teacher, a district language development specialist, and currently a coordinator for Language & Literacy, San Joaquin County Office of Education as well as the founding principal for Van Lang Vietnamese Language School, Stockton. Annie's experience in various educational capacities has provided her a deep understanding of teaching and learning as well as equipping her to be a strong advocate for students who speak English as an additional language, especially Vietnamese. - Bryan Hoàng, Writer Team
Bryan Hoang has taught History-Social Science for over two decades in the Irvine Unified School District. - Cindy Huỳnh-Medrano, Research Team, Writer Team
Dr. Cindy Huỳnh-Medrano’s critical worldview is shaped by growing up in a working class, refugee, mixed immigration status home and more recently, as a birthing person and mother. Dr. Cindy Huỳnh-Medrano is an award-winning educator who is dedicated to Ethnic Studies, young people, and encouraging others to get into Crocs (too). - Duyên Tống, Writer Team
Duyen Tong has taught Vietnamese, English, and ELD for over 15 years in Garden Grove USD. She is actively involved at the state and local level in developing curriculum and reviewing instructional materials such as the ELPAC. Duyen enjoys traveling, learning about other cultures and trying different types of food! - Harry Trương, Writer Team
An educator with 4 years of English teaching experience in a title 1 school in Delano, California and a gifted high school in Ha Giang, Vietnam. - Jacob Lê, Writer Team
Born to Vietnamese immigrant parents, Jacob Le has been an active member of the Vietnamese community in Little Saigon, CA his entire life. After graduating with his undergraduate degree in English with a minor in Education from the University of California, Irvine, Le went on to pursue his Masters of Arts in Teaching from UCI as well, and is currently teaching History and Ethnic Studies in the Garden Grove Unified School District. - Joseph Nguyễn, Writer Team, Research Team
Lecturer, Department of Asian American Studies, M.A. in Vietnamese and Vietnamese Diaspora Studies at Columbia University. - Julie Law-Marin, Writer Team
Julie is a high school Social Science educator from northern California. - Lan Hoang Nguyễn, Writer Team
Lan Nguyễn is the daughter of Vietnamese refugees and grew up in Long Beach, California. She is an award-winning filmmaker, community organizer, and educator. She teaches U.S. History and Ethnic Studies to newcomer immigrant youth in the bay area. - Mai Trần, Writer Team
Mai Tran is a genderqueer Vietnamese American writer and communications strategist. - Michelle Dang-Pastore, Writer Team
I was born in Vietnam and resettled to Orange County with my family in 1991 through the Humanitarian Operation Program. I am a teacher at Westminster High School. - Minh X. Nguyễn, Ph.D., Writer Team
I am a lecturer who specializes in Vietnamese language, literature, and music. - Pauline Đồng, Writer Team
Pauline Đồng is a Vietnamese language teacher at Westminster High School in Orange County, California. - Philip Nguyễn, Writer Team
Philip Nguyễn is the Executive Director of the Vietnamese American Roundtable (VAR). After graduating from UC Berkeley with B.A degrees in Ethnic Studies and Asian American and Asian Diaspora Studies, he earned his M.A degree in Asian American Studies from the College of Ethnic Studies at San Francisco State University, where he teaches courses on Vietnamese American Literature and the History of the Vietnamese in the U.S. He is also involved in the Diasporic Vietnamese Artists Network, the Progressive Vietnamese American Organization, and the Union of North American Vietnamese Student Associations. - Phúc Duy Như Tố, Writer Team
Born and raised in Vietnam, Phuc (they/she) is a doctoral student in Ethnic studies at the University of California, San Diego. Their research lies at the intersection of Critical Refugee Studies, Asian American Studies, and ongoing critiques of the Non-profit Industrial Complex. Before joining UCSD, they worked with various AAPI community-based non-profit organizations in Orange County to provide resources and support to the AAPI communities during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. - Tommy Nguyễn, Writer Team
English Teacher for Fulbright Vietnam. - Tori Phù, Writer Team
Tori Phu is a Program Specialist for the Model Curricula Projects with Orange County Department of Education (OCDE). She has a Masters of Arts in Teaching with a single subject credential in English Language Arts, Vietnamese, ELD, along with a History/Social Science and Ethnic Studies qualification. She taught in secondary education for four years prior. - Victoria Huynh, Writer Team
Victoria is a PhD student at UC Berkeley in Ethnic Studies. Originally from San Diego, she's currently based in Oakland, California. - Victoria M. Huynh, Writer Team
Victoria M. Huynh is a high school educator, writer and student of Ethnic Studies and anti-imperialist feminisms. She teaches and writes with love for the people. - Vincent P. Trần, Writer Team
Vincent P. Tran is the Organizing Director at VietRISE and a lifelong resident of Little Saigon, Orange County.