Grade 8

Tribal Government and Civics

Tribal Government and Civics

The Tribal Government and Civics units aim to provide an understanding of tribal, state, and federal governments, with a particular focus on Native Americans' roles as citizens within these three communities. Native Americans hold a unique position in the United States, as they potentially belong to tribal, state, and national communities, whereas most U.S. citizens are only part of state and national communities. This unit will delve into the interactions and impacts of these governments on one another. This unit of Indian Policy: Colonial Legacy will share important events from the Doctrine of Discovery, European Arrivals, U.S. Constitution, and Federal Treaties with Tribes. Additionally, it will explore how the diverse ways of life of Native American peoples were disrupted, displaced, and significantly altered by the Westward Expansion, settler colonialism, and governmental policies and practices from the 1800s to the 2000s. Ultimately, the unit will support California youth to engage in civics education, design thinking, and service learning projects that explore issues that face them and their communities directly. The youth will plan and design activities that address the issue emphasizing tribal cultural values, leadership principles, and civic responsibilities. There will be opportunities for projects to engage with tribes, tribal communities, and tribal organizations. Our major goals are to increase civic skills of Native and non-Native youth so that they may become more active problem solvers within their own communities and the wider community. Additionally, students will have opportunities to participate in collaborative learning to partner tribes and organizations to conduct effective service learning.

The Modoc War and People Today

The Modoc War and People Today

HSS 8.8, HSS 8.12, RI.8.2, RI.8.3, RI.8.4, RI.8.6, RI.8.9

This unit focuses on the Modoc War, a conflict between a small number of Modoc people and the US military in 1860’s and 1870’s. The first lesson gives the background information needed to understand the lead-up to the conflict. The second and third lessons focus on different aspects of the conflict, including events and topography. The fourth lesson, the aftermath. A possible extension activity would be a field trip to the Lava Beds National Monument to see the battle sites and gain a deeper understanding of the natural fortifications the Modoc people used to hold off the military.

Native Ways of Knowing Mock Trial The People vs. Governor Peter Hardeman Burnett

Native Ways of Knowing Mock Trial: The People vs. Governor Peter Hardeman Burnett

This mock trial learning activity will allow students to question and consider California’s first governor, Peter Hardeman Burnett’s policies and treatment of Native Americans. This activity encourages students to analyze history critically and empathize with those impacted by injustice. This mock trial script is designed to engage students in critical thinking about history while fostering empathy and analytical skills. This activity encourages critical thinking, empathy, and a deeper understanding of history. This lesson plan integrates critical thinking, collaboration, and historical analysis, fostering a deeper understanding of California’s early governance and its consequences. This mock trial can be adapted based on the desired educational or dramatic focus, emphasizing historical facts, ethical dilemmas, and the broader implications of Burnett’s policies.

Native Maker STEM Unit

Acorns - The Importance of Native Diets

Students will learn about how acorns are an important part of the diet of California Indian Tribes. Students will learn about the importance of Native diets to familiarize oneself with the traditional and contemporary way of acorn process.

Illustration by Meilan Solly © Smithsonian

Native Americans in Hollywood

Hollywood’s portrayal of Native Americans has long been intertwined with American politics and government policies, influencing national attitudes toward Indigenous peoples of North America. From the silent film era through the height of Cowboy and Indian Westerns, Hollywood shaped a narrow and damaging image of Native people. These films often depicted Native Americans as ignorant, lazy, violent, alcoholics, or savages, reinforcing harmful stereotypes. Such portrayals helped justify and support racist government policies including land dispossession, forced assimilation, cultural erasure, and even genocide. This racist foundation in the media was built on earlier political propaganda that framed Native Americans as obstacles to progress and civilization. Hollywood used humor and familiar storytelling to entertain audiences while dehumanizing Indigenous people and upholding white supremacy. The stereotypes created in these early films perpetuated racist propaganda from colonization, solidifying a negative public opinion and masked the harsh realities of U.S. policies against Native nations. Understanding this history is essential for students to recognize how the media can reinforce racism and shape social attitudes over time. This lesson invites students to critically analyze the power of film as a cultural force and to explore the importance of accurate and respectful representation of Native Americans in the media today. Through examining the origins of racist portrayals and their connections to political propaganda, students will learn to identify the damage caused by such misrepresentations. They will also have the opportunity to research authentic Native stories and consider how these narratives could be shared in ways that promote social justice and cultural respect.

Photo and Basket created by Maggie Peters © Maggie Peters (Karuk/Yurok)

Resilience Through Northwestern California Basket Weaving

In this lesson, students will explore the rich tradition of basket weaving among California Tribes, gaining an appreciation for it as both a longstanding cultural practice and a living, contemporary art form. By examining the evolution of basketry across different historical periods, students will learn how California Tribes have preserved and adapted their traditions in the face of colonization and systemic oppression. The accompanying assignment will encourage students to critically analyze the impact of broader U.S. policies and historical events on Indigenous cultures—highlighting both the harm caused and the ways Indigenous communities have resisted and adapted.